Understanding On-Site Septic Systems in Sampson County

A Guide for Homeowners and Businesses

What are On-Site Septic Systems?

On-site septic systems, also known as subsurface wastewater systems, are a common method of wastewater disposal in areas without access to municipal sewer lines. These systems typically consist of two key components:

• Septic Tank: A settling tank that separates solids from wastewater.
• Drainfield: A network of perforated pipes buried in gravel that allows treated wastewater to gradually seep into the ground.

Environmental Health Department's Role

The Sampson County Health Department - Environmental Health Division plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper functioning and maintenance of on-site septic systems. Here's a breakdown of their key responsibilities:

1. Evaluating Property Suitability: The department can assess your property to determine if a septic system is a viable option. Factors like soil type, slope, and groundwater depth are considered during this evaluation.
2. Permitting: Based on the evaluation results, the department will either issue or deny a septic system permit.
3. Inspection: Inspectors ensure proper installation of septic systems during construction.
4. Complaint Investigation: The department investigates public complaints regarding septic system issues.
5. Troubleshooting Malfunctioning Systems: If your septic system is malfunctioning, the department will help identify the problem and recommend solutions.
6. Monitoring Large and Pumped Systems: Large septic systems and those using pumps require additional monitoring to ensure proper operation.

The Septic System Permitting Process: Step-by-Step

Obtaining a septic system permit in Sampson County involves following these steps:

1. Application and Site Plan: Submit an application along with a site plan depicting your property's layout, including the structure's location, setbacks from property lines and roads, and the state road number. This plan needs approval from the planning and zoning authority.
2. Fees and Specialist Assignment: Pay the associated fees, and the department will assign an Environmental Health Specialist to your case.
3. Pre-Evaluation Site Preparation: Before the evaluation, roughly mark the area for assessment and the location of your structure (house, mobile home, etc.).
4. Property Evaluation: The department specialist will conduct an on-site evaluation to determine suitability for a septic system.
5. Permit Issuance: If the property meets the requirements, a permit will be issued.
6. Inspections Department Permits: Once you have both the zoning permit and the Environmental Health permit, apply for any necessary permits at the Inspections Department.

Septic System Repairs

North Carolina law 15A NCAC 18A .1938 (c) places the responsibility for ensuring proper septic system operation and maintenance on the property owner. This includes repairs if necessary.

If you suspect a problem with your septic system, contact the Environmental Health Division. They can assess the issue and determine if a repair permit is required. They can also help you develop an appropriate solution. Both the property owner and authorized agents can apply for repair permits.

Engineered Option Permits: An Alternative Approach

North Carolina regulations allow for an Engineered Option Permit (EOP) for on-site wastewater systems (15A NCAC 18A .1971). This option allows property owners to work with a licensed professional engineer to design, construct, operate, and maintain a septic system that deviates from standard procedures. The EOP process bypasses some of the direct oversight typically provided by the local health department. However, EOP systems still need to comply with all applicable state regulations.

Important Considerations:

• EOP permits cost $75.
• A licensed professional engineer is required to design the system according to specific regulations.
• Property owners considering an EOP should ensure the chosen engineer has the necessary qualifications and experience.

For more information on Engineered Option Permits, you can access the following resources:

• G. S. 130A-336.1
• 15A NCAC 18A .1971
• EOP Common Form
• EOP Instructions
• EOP Implementation